Essential Public Services for Expats Living in Vietnam: A Complete Support Guide

Vietnam has made significant improvements in expat public services Vietnam, streamlining administrative procedures and digital platforms for easier access. From Vietnam healthcare under the Vietnam Social Security (VSS) system to obtaining a Vietnam work permit or visa Vietnam, expats can now navigate essential public services more efficiently. This guide highlights key processes to help expat Vietnam residents manage their daily and legal requirements smoothly.

For those planning to stay long-term, understanding VNeID Vietnam, Vietnam residency, and other Vietnam permitsis essential. With the right knowledge and expat support Vietnam, living and working in the country becomes safer, more convenient, and fully compliant with local regulations.

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Digital Public Services and VNeID System

Vietnam rolled out the mandatory VNeID electronic identification system in 2025, which all expats holding valid temporary or permanent residence cards must use. This system significantly streamlines bureaucratic procedures by allowing users to perform visa extensions, work permit renewals, social insurance transactions, tax filings, banking processes, and rental agreements through a single digital portal. Instead of visiting multiple government offices and submitting paper documentation, expats can complete many important tasks via the VNeID app or national digital portals, saving time and reducing administrative hurdles.

To register, expats must provide valid identification documents including a residence card and passport, a Vietnamese-registered mobile phone number, and complete an in-person identity verification at an immigration office. The government launched a 50-day nationwide campaign from July to August 2025 to facilitate this registration process for foreigners.

For businesses with foreign ownership or foreign legal representatives, holding a VNeID account is also legally required to conduct official transactions with state agencies, such as tax declarations or social insurance reports. Failure to register may result in disruptions to business operations and penalties.

Healthcare Access and Vietnam Social Security (VSS)

Expats working and contributing to Vietnam’s social security system gain access to affordable and comprehensive public healthcare services nationwide. Under the revised Law on Social Insurance No. 41/2024/QH15, effective July 1, 2025, foreign employees with a labor contract of at least 12 months and a valid work permit are mandated to participate in mandatory social insurance, placing them on near-equal footing with Vietnamese workers regarding benefits.

This social insurance scheme covers a broad range of healthcare services, including medical examinations, outpatient and inpatient treatments, emergency care, surgeries, and maternity leave. Public hospitals, from national down to local commune healthcare centers, serve as the backbone for these treatments. However, access follows a referral mechanism, meaning patients typically need to start at a lower-level facility and obtain a referral to see specialists or access higher-level hospitals, helping manage healthcare resources efficiently.

While public hospitals offer affordable care under the VSS umbrella, expats often prefer private and international hospitals in major cities such as Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, which provide superior language support (including English-speaking staff), shorter wait times, and more comfortable facilities. These private services usually require higher out-of-pocket payments or private insurance coverage.

Residence and Work Permits: New Regulations in 2025

From August 2025, Vietnam’s Decree No. 219/2025/ND-CP introduced streamlined work permit management, shifting authority to provincial People’s Committees and enabling integrated online applications for work permits and criminal record certificates. Work permits are essential for legal employment and residence. Expats should apply for work permits shortly after arrival and renew them timely to ensure compliance. Temporary residence cards are typically issued following work permit approval for stays over 30 days.

Visa Options and Legal Residence

Vietnam offers a diverse range of visa categories designed to accommodate different expatriate needs, ensuring legal entry and stay in the country. These visas include:

Tourist Visas (DL): Intended for short-term visitors coming for tourism or leisure. Tourist visas vary by validity and entry allowances—from 30-day single-entry to 90-day multiple-entry types. They do not permit employment activities.
Business Visas (DN1, DN2): These visas allow foreigners to conduct business or work-related activities in Vietnam. DN1 is issued to foreigners working for Vietnam-registered companies, whereas DN2 caters to those offering services or establishing commercial presence under international treaties. Business visas can be valid up to 12 months with options for single or multiple entries, supporting investors, consultants, and business visitors.
Work Visas (LD1, LD2): Specifically granted to foreigners working in Vietnam with or without prior work permits. These visas are typically valid for up to two years and are closely tied to work permit regulations. The process requires employer sponsorship and adherence to local labor laws.
Student Visas (DH): Issued to foreigners enrolled in Vietnamese educational institutions or internship programs, usually valid for up to 12 months and renewable depending on course duration. Many students enter with tourist visas first and then switch status upon enrollment.
Investor Visas (DT1-DT4): These long-term visas (ranging from 1 to 5 years) depend on the scale of investment in Vietnam. They offer extended stay privileges, targeting those making substantial financial contributions. These visas often provide eligibility for family sponsorship and residency card applications.
Dependent Visas (TT, VR): For spouses, children, and other family members of visa holders or Vietnamese citizens, these visas facilitate family reunification with durations from 6 to 12 months, and options for renewal.

Emerging proposals in 2025 include a Golden Visa aimed at longer-term residency (5-10 years) for high-value investors, innovators, and cultural contributors, signaling Vietnam’s efforts to attract global talent and capital.

Long-term residence cards in Vietnam provide expats with enhanced legal stability, granting rights to access public services such as healthcare, education, and property leasing. They also enable eligibility for family sponsorship, allowing dependents to stay legally. Residence cards are typically issued following a valid work or investor visa and require adherence to visa renewal schedules to maintain legal status.

Additional Public Services and Legal Support

Education is a key public service for expat families, with major cities like Ho Chi Minh City, Hanoi, and Danang offering diverse international and private schools following British, American, French, and IB programs. These English-based institutions ensure smooth global transitions, while public schools remain an option for long-term residents seeking deeper integration into Vietnamese language and culture.

Many banks now offer multi-currency accounts and online banking tailored for foreigners. Social welfare and emergency public services, often accessible through expat centers and English-speaking hotlines, provide essential support. In major cities, additional public services such as legal consultation, translation, and visa renewal assistance help expats navigate local regulations efficiently.

For expats, having reliable legal support is crucial when dealing with work permits, visas, property leases, and business registration. Early legal advice ensures compliance with Vietnamese laws, prevents mistakes in paperwork, and reduces delays caused by administrative errors. Many law firms and consulting agencies specialize in expat affairs, offering personalized public services to simplify life in Vietnam.

Conclusion

Navigating expat public services Vietnam can be complex, but with the right guidance, living and working in Vietnam becomes smooth and stress-free. From Vietnam healthcare and Vietnam work permits to visa Vietnam, VNEID Vietnam, and long-term Vietnam residency, understanding these processes ensures compliance and peace of mind.

With the right expat support Vietnam, you can focus on enjoying life, work, and opportunities in this vibrant country. The Nest Asia is here to help every step of the way, making your transition with public services seamless and hassle-free.

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Disclaimer: The Nest Asia is not an authorized provider of official government or non-government services. The information provided is intended for general guidance only. While we strive to offer accurate and timely information, we make no representations or warranties regarding its completeness or accuracy.